Coding - 碼農筆記 / ruby & rails / 常用筆記

Rails筆記-1

vialley

一些ruby on rails學習上的小筆記：

Rails Controller

Params

全部通過

params.require(:post).permit!

 

只接數特定的 post 參數

@tweet = Tweet.create(params.require(:tweet).permit(:status))
@tweet = Tweet.create(params.require(:tweet).permit([:status, :location]))

 

permit Array

.permit(:category_ids => [])
.permit({:locations => []})

render 和 redirect

render

render :new                                                 # render new.html.erb
render action: 'new'                                        # 同上
render text: Rails.env                                      # 輸出純文字
render json: @files, status: 200                            # same as => status: :ok
render json: user.errors, status: 422                       # return Http status code
render json: episode, status: :created, location: episode   # :created 等同 201 (新增成功)

 

redirect_to

redirect_to root_path
redirect_to post_comment_path(@post, @comment)
redirect_to @user, notice: 'Updated'                    # 等同 flash[:notice] = 'Updated' 再 redirect
redirect_to(:back)                                      # 回送出時的那一頁
redirect_to request.referer + "#user-#{@user.id}"       # back + anchor 是無效的, 必須改成這樣
redirect_to(request.env['HTTP_REFERER'])                # 效果同上
redirect_to action: 'profile'                           # 等同 redirect_to profile_path
redirect_to root_path, :anchor => "user-#{user.id}"     # url 加入 anchor : http://xxxxxx.com/#user-33

 

member  VS  collection

:member

如果要帶上原物件的id用member，member 的 prefix 必須要帶參數

/products/5/add_to_cart <== 網址會有參數 ( 5 )

add_to_cart_product_path(@product)

所以可以在 controller 裡面用 params[:id] 來取得參數值

@product = Product.find(params[:id])

來找到特定的某一筆資料

resources :users do
  member do
    get :find
  end

  # 或簡寫成
  get :find, :on => :member
end

find_user_path(@user)，會產出 user/23/find

通常用於對『單筆』資料做操作，像是

  1. show 只列出某個商品頁
  2. edit 只對某個商品做編輯
  3. update 只對某商品做資料更新
  4. delete 將某商品資料刪除
  5. add_to_cart 只對某筆商品加入購物車

:collection

如果只是一般頁面用collection，collection 的 prefix 可以不用帶參數 

resources :users do
  collection do
    get  :find
    post :freeze
  end

  # 或簡寫成
  get  :find, :on => :collection
  post :freeze, :on => :collection
end

通常用於『複數資料』、『無資料』的情況下操作，像是

  1. index 所有商品列表
  2. new 新商品頁 (admin/products/new)
  3. checkout 購物車商品結帳
  4. clean 清空購物車

 

routes其他寫法

Restricting routes with except

resources :zombies, except: :destroy

 

Restricting routes with only

resources :zombies, only: :index

 

Restricting routes with multiple actions

resources :zombies, only: [:index, :show]
resources :humans,  except: [:destroy, :edit, :update]

 

Assets Helper

<%= javascript_include_tag "custom" %>
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "style" %>
<%= image_tag "rails.png" %>

 

Form helper

radio_button

<% UserDomain.domains.each do |k, v| %>
  <div>
    <%= radio_button_tag 'user[domain]', v %>
    <%= label_tag "user_domain_#{v}", t("domain.#{k}") %>
  </div>
<% end %>

radio_button("post", "category", "rails")
radio_button("post", "category", "java")


f.radio_button :decomp, 'fresh', checked: true
f.radio_button :decomp, 'rotting'
f.radio_button :decomp, 'stale'

collection_radio_buttons(:item, :owner_id, Owner.all, :id, :name)

 

select

f.select :location, User.location, {}, { class: 'selectpick', data: { width: '80%'} }
f.select :decomp, ['fresh', 'rotting', 'stale']
f.select :decomp, [['fresh', 1], ['rotting', 2], ['stale', 3]]
s.select :profile_edit_flag, [['已修改', true], ['未修改', false]]

select_tag "people", options_from_collection_for_select(@people, "id", "name")
> 產生: <select id="people" name="people"><option value="1">David</option></select>

 

collection_select

User has_many UserLocation, 將 User 住的 Location 每項以 Select 列出來

current_user.user_locations.each do |l|
    collection_select('user_locations', '', UserLocation.locations_i18n, :last, :first, { include_blank: false, selected: l.location }, { class: 'location', id: nil } )
end
  • 第一個參數 : HTML name 名稱
  • 第二個參數 : user_locations[第二個參數], 我將它留空變成 array : user_locations[]
  • 第三個參數 : Hash (key: value)
  • :last, :first : 會讓 hash 的 key 顯示在 option 的名字, hash 的 value 則是 option 的值
  • include_blank : 一定要設定它, 否則 class, id 不會 work
  • selected : 如果去掉, 就是未選擇的 <select>

備註

1) f.collection_select(:category_id, Category.all, :id, :name)
等於
f.select :category_id, Category.all.map{ |c| [c.name, c.id] }

2)
s.select :recommended, options_for_select(Translator.recommendeds)

 

checkbox

f.check_box :rotting

<%= check_box_tag 'user_domains[]', k, @user_domains.has_key?(k), id: "domain-#{k}" %>

Object :
<div class="field">
    <%= f.label "Categories" %><br />
    <% for category in Category.all %>
        <%= check_box_tag 'user[category_ids][]', category.id, @user.category_ids.include?(category.id), :id => dom_id(category) %>
        <%= label_tag dom_id(category), category.name, :class => "check_box_label" %>
    <% end %>
</div>

Hash : dom_id 無法用, 它只吃 object
<% UserDomain.domain.each do |k, v| %>
  <div>
    <%= check_box_tag 'user_domains[]', k, @user_domains.has_key?(k), id: "domain-#{k}" %>
    <%= label_tag "domain-#{k}", t("domain.#{k}") %>
  </div>
<% end %>

 

file

<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
  <%= f.file_field :picture %>
<% end %>

 

label + text_field

<%= f.label :nickname %>
<%= f.text_field :nickname %>

# 讓 text input disable
disabled: true

# 重新給值或 format datetime
value: @case.deadline.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

 

text_area

f.text_area :bio

 

button

<%= button_tag(type: 'submit', class: "btn btn-primary") do %>
 <i class="icon-ok icon-white"></i> Save
<% end %>

input

f.submit "Submit", :disable_with => 'Submiting...'
submit_tag "Submit", id: "foo-submit", data: { disable_with: "Please wait..." }

 

form

<%= form_for @user, url: user_path(@user), html: { method: :put, id: 'edit-user' } do |f| %>

取值

@user.email 或
f.object.email

 

link_to

<%= link_to tweet.zombie.name, zombie_path(tweet.zombie) %>
<%= link_to tweet.zombie.name, tweet.zombie %>

二種寫法相同

 

label

f.label :name

 

password

f.password_field :password

 

number_field

f.number_field :price

 

range_field

f.range_field :quantity

 

email_field

f.email_field :email

 

url_field

f.url_field :website

 

telephone_field

f.telephone_field :mobile

 

筆記參考來源：http://blog.jex.tw/

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